A carpet calculator works out how much carpet you need for a room — in square yards (how carpet is sold in the US) and square feet — with a waste allowance for the seams and cuts that come off a fixed 12 ft roll width.
Carpet wastes more than hard flooring because it comes off wide rolls and seams must be planned, so the allowance matters. The calculator also lists the pad and install kit, which is most of what actually ships.
Area × (1 + waste), converted to square yards (÷ 9). Carpet's 12 ft roll width means real rooms need seam planning and extra for cuts, so the waste allowance is higher than for tile or laminate. Pad is bought to the room area.
A 15 × 12 ft room is 180 sq ft; with 10% waste that's ~198 sq ft, or about 22 square yards of carpet.